About the actual time of year it was filmed, the show looks like it is filmed in the fall/autumn in many episodes, so either each episode was filmed just prior to its airing, or the season was filmed at the end of the year previous to its broadcast. Anyone knows???
I work in the television industry (however post-production, and not filming), and I know for scripted shows (not reality shows) it will be very difficult to leave only 1 week between filming and broadcast, as even more-so with a show like Malcolm, there is a great deal of post-production which is either editing or music, etc.